I think you could try building your app, bundle it for HTML5, and create a local server on your network which serves that content to you phone. That way you can test it much more thoroughly. I haven’t done this with a mobile phone though, so I’d have to direct you to a search on the web on how to set up servers on your network.
Also, there are other examples in the wild. Such as:
http://britzl.github.io/lowrezinvaders/
http://britzl.github.io/publicexamples/
And, there are a few finished games as well (that we know about) that are available on the web:
(from this list)
http://digitalservicesbydigitopolisstudio.com/HelpHero/
http://www.yeaboing.com/cakepop/Puzzle.html
http://www.csc.kth.se/~dmans/totem/