Self.dir is a vector with values indicating in which direction the astronaut is moving. X value meaning horizontal movement and y value meaning vertical movement. Positive x value is right, negative is left. Positive y value is up and negative is down.
What the snippet of code does is to check the current direction of movement and playing the correct animation.
This line essentially means “depending on the movement direction, we want to play different animations. Therefore, we test which movement direction we currently have, which we can find by checking if we are moving forwards (Y > 0), backwards (Y < 0), left (X < 0) or right (X>0), we then play a different animation.”